Mineral growth observed directly at nanoscale resolution using Atomic Force Microscopy(<Special Issue>Prospective Crystal Growth)

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  • Mineral growth observed directly at nanoscale resolution using atomic force microscopy

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Atomic force microscopy enables in-situ observations of mineral growth on a nanoscale. The direct observation at molecular resolution of mineral surfaces during growth from solutions can contribute to our knowledge of mineral growth processes. Crystallographic information obtained from observations as well as measurements of growth rates give valuable evidence for crystal growth mechanisms, either confirming existing models or suggesting alternatives. The morphology of a growing crystal is determined by the rate of growth of different crystallographic faces. However, growth modifications can be seen in the presence of changing solution concentration as well as impurity molecules. Anisotropic growth may result from the crystallographic control of the existing underlying crystal structure or from impurity incorporation into the growing surface. The formation of a solid solution may show very significant growth differences from crystal growth of phases with fixed compositions. Here a number of experiments using calcite and barite are described to illustrate crystal growth mechanisms.

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