Model Rules on Motion of Smoke and Gases in Building Fires

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  • EMORI R. I.
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Seikei
  • SAITO K.
    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Seikei

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  • ビル火災時に火災階廊下で生じる気流伝播の模型実験と相似則
  • ビル カサイジ ニ カサイ カイロウカ デ ショウジル キリュウ デンパ ノ

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To develop countermeasures for fire hazard, it is most desirable to perform experiments on real fire, but in many cases, it is not practicable. There are many reasons : it is dangerous to put a fire on a large building, full-scale fire experiments are not feasible economically, a large number of experiments must be required for many types of buildings, and so on. Here, it is more desirable to do fire experiments on scale models in a laboratory under controlled boundary conditions. The first and the most important thing in model experiments, however, is to prove the similarity between the original phenomena and the scale model counterpart. <br>This paper describes experimental verification of model rules on movement of smoke and poisonous gases which are one of the main causes of disaster in fire. The model rules were obtained by the “law-approach” that calls for physical interpretation of the phenomena to bring out the governing physical laws. Two geometrically similar L-shaped corridors were built with the length scale of 5.5 to 1. A fire was set at one end of the confined corridor, and temperature and velocity distributions were measured at several points of the corridor. The result showed a remarkable similarity in the two corridors and the model rules seemed to be well confirmed. The flow at the elbow of the corridor was observed to be similar to the two corridors. This also indicates the validity of the model rules to extend the result of models to full scale fires.

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