Prediction Method of Vertical Temperature and Smoke Concentration Distribution in Staircase

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  • 階段室内火災時における鉛直方向温度・煙濃度の予測法
  • カイダン シツナイ カサイジ ニ オケル エンチョク ホウコウ オンド ケムリノウド ノ ヨソクホウ

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In order to predict upward smoke spread in stair shaft, a prediction method was proposed for vertical temperature and smoke concentration profile based on the experimental result. In case with no vent above fire source, upward smoke spread was modeled as a turbulent diffusion due to negative density gradient as was applied to a flow in a plain vertical shaft. It was shown that the turbulent diffusion coefficient would be reduced to 1/ 12 of plain shaft. This is attributed to the presence of balustrade, landings and steps. In case with a vent above fire source, smoke flow was approximated by a piston flow due to stack effect. The formula for flow in a duct was applied. Local resistance coefficient per story was estimated as 32.7 from previous experimental results. The formula was coupled with a two layer conservation equation at the floor of fire source. Compared with experimental results, it is shown that temperature and CO2 concentration could be reproduced fairly well.

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