The Third Period (Sept. 1946-Dec. 1946) Teaching Japanese Geography and History to pupils at school was prohibited by the Allied Forces since the beginning of their occupation, but teaching Geography was permitted in June 1946. Accordingly in September that year, NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) started a new school broadcasting program series called 'Travelling by Train' for the fifth and the sixth graders (11-12 year olds). A few years later the title of the series was changed into 'Travelling with Radio', and that series had been one of the most favorite radio school program series until 'Travel-ling with Television' took its place. In November 1946, NHK broadcast a radio program series on civic education, consisted with successive six programs for teachers. This was due to the fact that the Ministry of Education intended to make civic education a regular subject at elementary school, however civic eduation was not established a school subject after all. The Forth Period (Jan. 1947-March 1947) The ban on teaching Japanese history at school was also removed in October 1946. New national textbook of Japanese history for elementary schools were compiled and authorized by the Ministry of Education. NHK started two radio school broadcasting program series about Japanese history based on the new historical viewpoint: one for the pupils in elementary school, the other for teachers. Discussion programs were broadcast very often. For example, some of their topics were 'Democratization Of Our Class', 'Shortage Of Coal', and 'Shortage Of Paper'. The Fifth Period (April 1947-July 1947) The Constitution of Japan was put in force on May 3, 1947. NHK broadcast a lot of radio programs for introducing the new Constitution to farmers, pupils, women, and general audience. On introducing the new Constitution to the Japanese people, NHK put emphasis especially on school broadcasting, including programs for teachers. This is one of the examples to show how CIE (Civil Information and Education Section of the Allied Forces in Japan) put great importance on radio education to reform Japanese society. The Sixth Period (Sept. 1947-July 1948) The new School Law was enforced in April 1947, and three years of studying at junior high school were set to be compulsory. New radio program series were started for junior high pupils: one series for each grade. One of the distinctive characteristics of school broadcasting was that programs on the same subjects were broadcast for each grader from first graders of elementary school up to the third graders of junior high school. From September to December 1947, Social Studies programs were broadcast for nine graders: Science, from January to March 1948; Home Economics, from April to July 1948. Social Studies and Home Economics were taught for the first time at elementary school. Radio Played a role of a pioneer in the diffusion of new educational ideas, because, all through these years, it was quite difficult to publish new textbooks due to shortage of paper and lack of sufficient printing equipment.