パーソナリティを考える : 二段階の接近法の試論

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  • Consideration on Personality A proposal concerning the methodology of personality study
  • パーソナリティ オ カンガエル 2ダンカイ ノ セッキンホウ ノ シロン

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説明

A new methodology for psychological study of personality is proposed in this paper based on review of mutually opposing propositions on psychology of personality. Mainly through the review of Mischel's theory, several findings described below were identified. First, individual variables are already existing within each person prior to the formation of what he calls the person variables. Second, the situation should be defined not as the environment external to the person but as the entity formed via functional relationship with the internal variables. Third, his terminology "interaction" should be restricted to imply the interaction between his/her behavior and the other persons. On the basis of these recognitions, it is proposed that the study of personality should conducted as the two-step study. The first-step study should be focused on the clarification of the basic total situation of the subject. Then in the second step, the individual characteristics of the subject's behavior in each situation should be investigated. Furthermore, it is suggested that the behavior to be studied should be of episode-type, and that the episodes be sampled from the attitudes of the subject to the other persons, to the life activities, and to oneself including self-conceptions.

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