ヨーロッパ・ロシアにおける土地移動と農民土地銀行

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • The Mobilization of Land and the Peasants' Land Bank in European Russia
  • ヨーロッパ ロシア ニ オケル トチ イドウ ト ノウミン トチ ギンコウ

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説明

This paper seeks to clarify the operation of the Peasants' Land Bank in the mobilization of the landed property in Russia between 1883-1910. The important question involved in this problem is whether the Russian model in agriculture is to be designed as what Lenin called the "Prussian model" or not. It seems that there is not a generally accepted opinion on this but that two opinions are to be noted; 1) the dichotomy of European Russia into the West, to which this model applies, and the Centre, to which not, and 2) the Russian variation of this model. The period of the existence of the Peasants' Land Bank is devided into three; 1) 1883-1895, 2) 1896-1905, 3) 1906-1917. Undoubtedly after the emancipation in 1861 the landowners experienced a great crisis, which caused the mobilization of the "private land" from the gentry (pomieshchiki) to the peasants. The Peasants' Land Bank was founded so as to liquidate the landed property of the gentry but to make the mobilization favorable to them by keeping the high price of land. By the First Russian Revolution more than 40 percent of the private land had moved to the other classes, especially to the peasants. However the point to note here is that in the West, that is, the provinces of Lithuania, the South-west and White Russia, the mobilization was much depressed. This pattern repeats itself after 1905: while the Russian Centre was the region of the liquidation of many estates, in the West many land estates remained in hand of the gentry. It must be added that there existed the so-called labour-off agrarian structure, which was supported by the Peasants' Land Bank and was not broken up until the agrarian revolution. Therefore we conclude that the classical roads to capitalist agriculture failed in Russia before 1917 except the West and are very exceptional.

収録刊行物

  • 土地制度史学

    土地制度史学 25 (2), 1-20, 1983

    土地制度史学会（現　政治経済学・経済史学会）

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