調査から見た被災地におけるメディアの役割(<特集>震災後のメディア研究,ジャーナリズム研究)

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書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • A Survey-based Assessment of the Role of the Media in Disaster-stricken Areas(Challenges for the Media and Journalism Studies after the Great East Japan Earthquake)
  • 調査から見た被災地におけるメディアの役割
  • チョウサ カラ ミタ ヒサイチ ニ オケル メディア ノ ヤクワリ

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抄録

In September 2011, Hashimoto et al. conducted a questionnaire survey in the city of Sendai, one of the badly stricken areas of the Great East Japan Earthquake. Based on a random sample, the results of the survey revealed that only 8 percent of the city's population thought that a catastrophic tsunami could happen. They also showed that tsunami warnings failed to reach 31.8 percent of the population who did not expect a catastrophic tsunami. Consequently, a high percentage of respondents whose households included small children, elderly persons and people in need of nursing care did not think that a catastrophic tsunami could occur. Such a percentage indicates that a comparatively vulnerable segment of people in the event of an evacuation held a deep normalcy bias. In the coastal areas of the Tohoku region, the third media warning, which predicted a tsunami exceeding 10 meters in height, failed to reach the population. In fact, this tsunami alert was aired after a run-up height above 30 meters had already been recorded across the coastal area. With regard to information behavior in disaster-stricken areas, people were most concerned about the safety of their family members and friends. However, only 54 percent of the population could accurately receive such information through media outlets. Due to the power blackouts that followed the Great East Japan Earthquake, only 2.5 percent of the population had access to the Internet via their PCs. Radio, from which 76.5 percent of the population received useful information, was the most accessible media outlet after the disaster had occurred. According to a nationwide mail method survey conducted by Hashimoto and the Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and Telecommunications in February 2012, data collected on the topic of "nuclear accident/radioactivity", for example, revealed that television was the most useful media outlet in the wake of the earthquake and the nuclear accident. For most people, the Internet, from which little reliable information could be received, was of no help. In spite of viewpoints that overestimate the role of the Internet in times of disaster, statistics show that the overall Japanese population does not yet regard the Internet as a means of receiving disaster-related information.

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