This paper is based on materials which were collected by the writer during his anthropological research which was carried out for more than 12 months from 1972 to 1974 in Kyoto. especially at Kita-ku, Kinugasa district, which is a residential district in an urban society ; this area was situated at the urban fringe and includes an urbanized area and an agricultural field_ With regard to the traits that "Hidari Daimonji" has, the writer should point out that "Hidari Daimonji" is one of the "Daimonjl Gozan Okuribi", Fire Events practiced as the Bon Ritual on the 5 mountains in Kyoto on August 16. The "Hidari Daimonji" is not only the Buddhist Bon Ritual based on ancestor worship, but is also can be regarded as "Sairei", the Festival or Big Show for sight-seeing in which, as Yanagida Kunio pointed out, both the player and the watcher of a rite can be observed. That is to say, as Chiba Masashi looks on each annual event as a kind of "Matsuri", "Hidari Daimonji" can be thought of as a festival. Therefore, the writer intends to analyse the items as follows : 1) the relationship between the festival and the urban society 2) the social relationship among the participant groups 3) the social relationship between the participant group (the player of the rite) and the non-participant (the watcher of the rite.) . The first step to approach the urban society by making the festival itself an index is to pay attention to the three ritual organizations that participate in "Hidari Daimonji" ; Ama Ko,Hidari Daimo'lji Hozon Kai and Fudo Ko. 1) Ama Ko is also called Kan'nau Kd because Ama Ko participants read aloud together "Go Eika", a Buddhist scripture, in front of the "Kakejiku" of Kan'non, a Budddist picture on the wall, on the 11th of each month. Ama Ko participants are narrowly distributed in the native group in the Kinugasa district, that has lived here for generations. 2) Hidari Daimonji Hozon Kai is the ritual organization which exclusively prepares for the "Hidari Daimonji" festival all the year round and practices its ritual on August 16. Hozon Kai participants are distributed in the extended regional society involving a primary school district and a neighboring community in the urban society. 3) Fudo Ko is formally called Kitayama Kinkakuji Fudo Ko because its worship place is located in the Kinkakuji Temple. The Participants assemble in Fudd Ko on the 1st and the 15th of each month. They are widely distributed in the extended urban area including the Nishijin district, a Sub-Center in Kyoto where comparatively high-grade articles can be purchased. The belief of Fudo's idea is said among the people to function as a cure for diseases of the eyes, mouth, ears and nose. In order to approach and analyse the urban society more clearly, the writer divides the whole urban society into two systems : the inner system and the outer system. First, the writer intends to point out the regional group that can be judged to participate in the festival to the highest degree and regards this regional group as the inner system. And then, outward from this nuclear inner system, we are going to analyse the neighborhood groups, the extended regional society and the urban society as the outer system. As a result of the analysis, we can summarize the following principles : 1) The urban festival contains two dimensions in itself. In one dimension, it integrates various and heterogeneous people and groups together in the urban society. In the other dimension, it divides people who participate in the festival in the widest sense, into the participant group and non-participants in the strictest sense, according to the degree to which particpation is historically and socially regulated.