グルンの他界像

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タイトル別名
  • The Afterworld View and Its Underlying Ideas of The Gurungs
  • グルン ノ タカイゾウ

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抄録

This paper which is to analyse the basic idea of the Gurung afterworld view, is based on the data collected by the writer in Lamjung district of Nepal. Although the funeral ritual the writer has observed differs from the ones described by Bernard Pignede in its religious background, we can see the same underlying idea, the concept of the soul and cosmology. Especially in this paper, the writer has analysed the meaning of some funeral songs which B. Pignede was unable to record. As a result of the analysis we can summarize the following principles : 1) In spite of a considerable degree of articulation to the regional principle in secular aspects of the Gurung society, the afterworld view of the Gurungs represents a shamanistic cosmology. 2) The idea is exclusively conveyed through the verbal medium of funeral songs (Ta sa : raba, Ta ma : laba and Hyula Koe) that the soul of the dead makes journey to the next world which is the original home of its ancestors. 3) The mythology of the other world is preserved much in the rites by priests (klebri) and sorcerers (p'ajyu), while the idea of the secular Gurungs about it is very simple and direct. 4) The Gurung cosmology basically consists in Shamanism as found in their original and mythological villages expressed in the words "yokur tults'u" and "milku ts'o". Along with this concept, the universe structure of the Gurungs is characterized by its dual-or triad-unity symbolism. According to the Gurung concept, the world as a whole is divided into two parts, namely this side (ts'o) and the other one (chhaala) and again the latter into heaven (k'l'ya) and the underworld (k'ro). 5) The dual-unity symbolism as found in the Gurung afterworld view is not only a set of cognitive classifications for ordering the Gurung universe. It is also a set of evocative devices for rousing and channeling ambivalent emotion caussd by sudden separation from this world. Therefore, we can easilly reach the following hypothesis : Gurung priests (lama or klebri) have to do with heavan when they send the soul of the dead (p'la) to its final destination of ancestors' home (l'a or k'iya), whereas sorcerers (p'ajyu) communicate with the underworld as guardians of the dead soul against the cannibal ghosts (mo).

収録刊行物

  • 民族學研究

    民族學研究 38 (3-4), 189-209, 1974

    日本文化人類学会

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