Ayatollah Taleqani and the Iranian Revolution of 1979 : A Review of His Islamic Ideology and Role

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  • Ayatollah Taleqani and the Iranian Revolution of 1979: A Review of His Islamic Ideology and Role (AFMA Paper, The 10th Asian Federation of Middle East Studies Associations (AFMA) Conference De/Re-constructing Middle East Studies from Asian Perspectives)

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Ayatollah Mahmoud Taleqani (1910-1979) is a key ideologue of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. In the several decades anterior to the revolution, he engaged in public activities on a scale far beyond what was customary for the ulama. For example, he strongly and consistently supported Mohammad Mosaddeq, the leader of the oil nationalization movement in the early 1950s. Even after the Mosaddeq government was overthrown in 1953, he actively participated in and led the National Resistance Movement and Freedom Movement with other progressive Islamic thinkers like Ali Shariati and Mehdi Bazargan. Although he did not share many of his fellow ulama' outright opposition to land reform by the Pahlavi regime in 1960s, Taleqani continued to lead the anti-dictatorial movement in order to recover Iranian destiny and Islamic justice. As a result, the pervasiveness of his influence made him the greatest leader after Khomeini in the revolution. However, Taleqani died immediately after being elected from Tehran to the Assembly of Experts with the highest number of votes. It is needless to say that renowned researchers such as Hamid Dabashi, H. E. Chehabi, Forough Jahanbakhsh, Bahrain Afrasiyabi, Soroosh Iifani, and Shahrough Akhavi have already written articles about Taleqani as mentioned above. The main purpose of this presentation, based on the works and speeches of Taleqani himself and also previous academic works, is to review his political ideologies and role in the history of Iran. In particular, the presentation aims to focus on his Islamic nationalist understandings of other ideologies, Marxism, communism and democracy, his viewpoint on the sociopolitical role of the ulama and the Islamic republican system in particular. The changing aspects seen in his ideology throughout the course of his life are also examined. Through such an analysis, I would like to elucidate upon the significance and uniqueness of his role and ideologies in relation to the outcome of the Islamic revolution.

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