Detecting Dengue Virus Nonstructural Protein 1 (NS1) in Urine Samples Using ELISA for the Diagnosis of Dengue Virus Infection

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  • Saito Yuka
    Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University
  • Moi Meng Ling
    Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
  • Kotaki Akira
    Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
  • Ikeda Makiko
    Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
  • Tajima Shigeru
    Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
  • Shiba Hajime
    College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University
  • Hosono Kuniaki
    College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University
  • Saijo Masayuki
    Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases
  • Kurane Ichiro
    National Institute of Infectious Diseases
  • Takasaki Tomohiko
    Department of Virology 1, National Institute of Infectious Diseases

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Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a serious global health threat. For the surveillance and control of dengue, there is a need for robust diagnostic tools that are relatively easy to use and reliable in various clinical settings. We investigated the applicability of NS1 antigen detection in urine samples for the diagnosis of DENV. About 118 urine samples, obtained from 96 dengue patients at various phases of disease, were used for this study. NS1 antigen was detected by ELISA in the urine samples obtained from patients after 2–17 days of disease onset. Positive detection rates of NS1 antigen ranged between 13–43%. Based on real-time RT-PCR, positive detection rates of viral genome in the urine samples ranged between 20–33% on days 0 to ≥15. On days 11 to ≥15 after the disease onset, NS1 antigen was detected at similar rates in serum and urine samples. Additionally, NS1 antigen was detected in 2 urine samples, but not in the serum samples, on days 7 and 16 after the onset of the disease. The results confirm the applicability of NS1 antigen detection in urine samples using ELISA to diagnose acute DENV infection and suggests that the assay is potentially useful when only limited amounts of serum samples are available and in limited resource settings.

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