Analyses of function of starch biosynthesis-related isozymes in ice and production of novel starches (Review)

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  • Fujita Naoko
    Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Department of Biological Production, Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University

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  • Analyses of Function of Starch Biosynthesis-related Isozymes in Rice and Production of Novel Starches

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Analyses of function of starch biosynthesis-related isozymes for a thorough understanding of starch biosynthesis were performed in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Starch synthase (SS) I, IIIa and pullulanase (PUL)-deficient mutant lines of rice were isolated using reverse genetics and the function of these isozymes was clarified. Artificial modified amylopectins exhibiting dramatically different gelatinization temperatures or crystallinity as compared to wild type were also produced in rice endosperm. This was accomplished by manipulating isoamylase1 (ISA1), a debranching enzyme gene and branching enzyme IIb (BEIIb). In addition to these in vivo analyses, purified isozymes were expressed in E. coli for direct study. The in vitro results supported the in vivo analyses using mutant and transgenic rice lines. Recently, the production of various combinations of double mutant lines from crosses involving single mutant lines was promoted. The endosperm starches found in these rice lines have a potential for industrial use in food applications and engineering fields. Additionally, these endosperm starches are good source materials for understanding the mechanisms of starch biosynthesis.

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