Recent Progress in Understanding the Mode of Action of Acetylxylan Esterases

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  • Biely Peter
    Institute of Chemistry, Center of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences
  • Westereng Bjørge
    Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences
  • Puchart Vladimír
    Institute of Chemistry, Center of Glycomics, Slovak Academy of Sciences
  • de Maayer Pieter
    Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria
  • A. Cowan Don
    Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, University of Pretoria

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Acetylation is one of the main obstacles to the effective enzymatic conversion of hemicelluloses to fermentable sugars. In nature, the microbial degradation of hemicellulose involves the action of deacetylating esterases that act synergistically with glycoside hydrolases. In the industrial processing of lignocelluloses biomass, alkaline pretreatments remove acetyl groups by saponification, but other non-alkaline pretreatment methods generate acetylated hemicelluloses. Complete saccharification of plant hemicelluloses can’t be achieved without the deacetylating enzymes. Recent years have witnessed considerale progress in our understanding of the mode of acetylation of hemicellulose and mode of action of microbial polysaccharide deacetylases. In this article we focus on the diversity and role of acetylxylan esterases in the breakdown of acetylxylan, the most abundant hemicellulose in nature.

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