Concepts for Reference Intake of Cholesterol in the Japanese Population

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  • コレステロール摂取基準の考え方
  • コレステロール セッシュ キジュン ノ カンガエカタ

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Large-scale observations and intervention studies have indicated that the Japanese population should aim for a desirable cholesterol intake level in order to reduce disease incidence and mortality rate. In general, the amount of dietary cholesterol does not affect blood cholesterol concentration markedly, and the effects of dietary cholesterol on blood cholesterol concentrations depend on individuals. Japanese who are lean and take less saturated fat than Caucasians may show an increase in their LDL-cholesterol concentration when given a dietary cholesterol challenge. As shown in Caucasian populations and also in Japanese, either increased or decreased blood cholesterol concentrations are associated with higher mortality (U-shaped curve). The increased mortality observed in individuals with a high blood cholesterol concentration is due to increased LDL-cholesterol, which leads to atherosclerosis, whereas that observed in individuals with a low blood cholesterol concentration is considered attributable to malnutritional states such as cancer, lung disease, anemia, or infectious disease. Recent large-scale observation studies have indicated that an increased intake of cholesterol is not associated with an increased incidence of ischemic heart disease, apoplexy, or mortality, but in some studies, a positive linear association has been observed between cholesterol intake and the incidence of lung, pancreas, and colon/rectum cancer. Furthermore, considering the recently increased incidence of diabetes mellitus, which is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease and stroke, any increase of LDL-cholesterol concentration should be avoided. Thus, a higher intake of cholesterol is not recommended for the public at large.

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