Hydrorefining of Shale Oil.

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  • HISAMITSU Toshiaki
    Petroleum Refining Research & Technology Center, Research & Development Div., Japan Energy Corp.

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  • シェールオイルの水素化精製

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Studies were made on hydrorefining processes and catalysts for upgrading shale oil to so-called synthetic crude oil, which can be further processed in existing petroleum refinaries. The arsenic present in shale oil was confirmed to poison the hydrorefining catalyst significantly, and a mechanism for deactivation was proposed based on the analytical results of the used catalyst. Reaction conditions and catalysts for concurrent removal of the arsenic and unstable olefinic compounds present were investigated. Furthermore, the nitrogen compounds present in shale oil were classified into three types based on basicity. Hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) reactivity increased in the order: acidic<basic<neutral. The effects of reaction conditions on the HDN reaction rate and catalyst deactivation were also studied. Based on the results obtained above, shale oil was hydrorefined using a guard reactor for removing the arsenic and unstable olefinic compounds and the main reactor for HDN in series over a period of 2700h. It was demonstrated that shale oil can be upgraded to a good-quality synthetic crude oil by hydrorefining at reaction pressures above 100kg/cm2G, and with oil feed rates and catalyst cycle lengths, which are plausible and reasonable industrially.

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