Production of Triploid Grape Rootstocks by Embryo Culture and Their Growth Characteristics

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  • 胚培養による3倍体ブドウ台木の育成およびそれらの生育特性

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Abstract

Embryo culture was utilized to obtain progenies from crosses between three diploid, female rootstock cultivars, 'Millardet et de Grasset 101-14' ['101-14' (2x), Vitis riparia Michx × V. rupestris Scheele], 'Millardet et de Grasset 41B' ['41B' (2x), V. berlandieri Planch. × V. vinifera L.] and 'Kober 5BB' ['5BB' (2x), V. berlandieri × V. riparia] and a tetraploid male rootstock cultivar 'Teleki 5C', ['5C' (4x), V. berlandieri × V. riparia]. Most of the embryos derived from these three cross combinations had globular and abnormal- or obscure-shapes. Four, three and two triploids were obtained from the embryos derived from '101-14' (2x) × '5C' (4x), '41B' (2x) × '5C' (4x) and '5BB' (2x) × '5C' (4x), respectively. The growth characteristics of a triploid derived from '5BB' (2x) × '5C' (4x), called E-1 (3x) were compared with '5BB' (2x) and its tetraploid ['5BB' (4x)] in the acclimating stage. Shoot and root growths and leaf morphology of E-1 (3x) were intermediate between those of '5BB' (2x) and '5BB' (4x). The growth of 'Kyoho' (V. × labruscana Bailey) grapevines micrografted onto '5BB' (2x), E-1 (3x) and '5BB' (4x) were also compared in the acclimating stage. The growth of scion shoot and root was the largest on '5BB' (2x), intermediate on E-1 (3x) and the smallest '5BB' (4x). In the aseptic co-culture of root segments and phylloxera (Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch), E-1 (3x) and '5BB' (4x) was found to be highly resistant to the insect.

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