Studies on the classification and the geographical distribution of local varieties of vegetables in Japan. IV

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  • 本邦そ菜在来品種の地理的分布と分類に関する研究(第4報)
  • 本邦そ菜在来品種の地理的分布と分類に関する研究-4-
  • ホンポウ ソサイ ザイライ ヒンシュ ノ チリテキ ブンプ ト ブンルイ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ 4
  • On the classification and the geographical distribution of local varieties of non-heading mustard in Japan

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Abstract

From his histological observation on the seed coat of varieties of turnip KONDO (1933) found that there are two types, that is Type A; in which epidermal cells of the seed swell with water and Type B; in which epidermal layer appears to be only membranous. The seed coat of the Type A is dominant over the Type B in turnip (SHIBUTANI 1952). In the previous paper on local varieties of turnip, the author reported that varieties of the Type A are distributed in the western Japan, while those of the Type B in the eastern Japan. Both turnip and non-heading mustard (n=10group) belong to the same group in Brassica.<br>For this study the author collected several local varieties of non-heading mustard in Japan and investigated their various characters, especially the histological type of the seed coat, in order to establish the relation between the kind of non-heading mustard and the type of the seed coat and to discuss the distribution of seed-coat type in Japan.<br>The results of the investigation are summarized as follows:<br>1. The local varieties of non-heading mustard in Japan are classified as shown in table 4.<br>2. The epidermal layer of the seed coat in varieties belonging to B. pekinensis, B. chinensis, B. campestris, and B. narinosa is of the Type B in most of the cases, with a few cases of the Type A (Hiroshimana and Yamato-mana) and of the mixed type (for example, Sangatsuna).<br>3. The seed coat of varieties belonging to B. japonica is of the Type A in every case, so that it is certain that the seed-coat of B. japonica is fundamentally of the Type A unlike other species.<br>4. In B. Rapa and B. campestris varieties distributed in the eastern of Japan produce seeds of the Type B, while those distributed in the Kansai region produce seeds of the Type A.<br>5. From this investigation on non-heading mustard in Japan, it is concluded that varieties distrib uted in the eastern Japan produce seed of the Type B in general, while those distributed in the western Japan produce seeds of the Type A, similar to the distribution of seed-coat type in local varieties of turnip.<br>6. Many of these varieties have hairy leaves. so that it is presumed that these local varieties have originated from a hairy variety.<br>7. The bolting season of varieties cultivated in the warm region, except for Kyona group, were usually earlier than those of varieties cultivated in the cool region.<br>8. Based on the above mentioned results, the author discussed on the origin of B. japonica and the gene of the Type A.

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