Morphological Characteristics and Seasonal Variation of VA-mycorrhiza in Grapevine

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  • ブドウにおけるVA菌根の形態的特徴と時期による変動
  • ブドウ ニ オケル VAキン ネ ノ ケイタイテキ トクチョウ ト ジキ ニ

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Mycorrhizae of grapevine ‘Kyoho’ were investigated. Morphological characteristics, VA mycorrhizal infection and seasonal variation were studied by comparison with diseased roots.<br>Mycorrhizae observed in newly formed roots were typical vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizae having vesicules and arbuscules. The vesicules were 20-70μm in diameter. Most of them were ovate or spherical, but some were irregular in shape. The arbuscules were surrounded by a membrane. More vesicules were formed between October and December than in any other period, while more arbuscules were formed in July and August.<br>VA mycorrhizal fungi showed autofluorescence which could be observed without staining by using a fluorescence microscope. The volume of VA mycorrhizal fungi infecting the host plant increased after October. An endophyte, similar to Rhizoctonia, also existed in the root.<br>Pathogenic fungi (Rosellinia necatrix and Helicobacidium mompa) killed the host cell and host plant by attacking only epidermal cells, whereas VA mycorrhizal fungi penetrated into the inner root tissues without causing cell or plant death. Infection by VA mycorrhizae was apparently different to that by pathogens.

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