Seasonal Fluctuations in Bud Activity of Satsuma Mandarin and Some Influencing Factors

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  • ウンシュウミカンの芽の活性の季節的変化とそれに影響する要因
  • ウンシュウ ミカン ノ メ ノ カッセイ ノ キセツテキ ヘンカ ト ソレニ

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Abstract

Seasonal fluctuation in bud activity and the effects of applied growth substances and descaling on bud sprouting and bud growth in satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc.) were investigated in order to obtain a better understanding of the control mechanism of bud dormancy and to explore the possibility of controlling bud growth.<br>1. Gibberellic acid (GA) and kinetin were applied to the foliage of young potted satsuma mandarin trees (cv. Okitsu Wase) at 20 day intervals throughout the experimental period. The effect on total shoot elongation and shoot growth cessation was investigated. In the treatments with GA alone and in combination with kinetin, total shoot elongation increased and the time of growth cessation was delayed by about 3 months as compared with the control. Kinetin alone had little effect, but when combined with GA showed a synergistic effect. The greatest increase in total shoot elongation and the latest cessation of shoot growth occurred in GA-treated trees kept in a warm growth chamber from late October.<br>2. Seasonal fluctuation in bud activity of satsuma mandarin (cv. Mochimaru Wase) was investigated from July through March of the following year using the forcing method with detached spring flushes and the bud culture method. Percentage bud sprouting determined by the forcing method decreased rapidly after peaking in mid-summer, reached a minimum in the fall, and then continued to increase until the following spring. Similar results were observed with the bud culture method, except that a minimum appeared about one month later than in the forcing method.<br>3. The effect of bud scale removal on sprouting of cultured buds of ′Okitsu Wase′ was investigated from late May through late November. Bud scale removal hastened bud sprouting during the summer, but had little effect in the fall when bud activity was lower.<br>4. The effects of GA, benzyladenine (BA) and abscisic acid (ABA) in the medium on bud growth of ′Okitsu Wase′ were investigated from late May through late November in order to evaluate their possible role in regulating bud activity. With descaled buds, bud growth was hastened by GA throughout the experimental period, but its promotive effects were reversed by ABA in the fall. BA hardly affected bud growth.<br>From these results, it is concluded that GA, ABA and bud scales are closely involved in the seasonal fluctuation in bud activity of satsuma mandarin, and that the addition of GA to the medium and removal of bud scales are effective in stimulating bud growth in in vitro culture systems.

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