Studies on the Varietal Differences and Yearly Deviation of Mesocarp Cell Numbers and Lengths and Fruit Weight among Commercial Peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] Cultivars and Selections, Wild Types, and Their Hybrids.

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  • モモ栽培品種, 野生タイプおよびその交雑個体の果実重, 中果皮細胞数および細胞径の品種間差異と年次変動について

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Abstract

The relationships among fruit weight, mesocarp cell number, cell length, and fruit development period for the commercial cultivars and selections, wild type peaches, and hybrid peaches were investigated to clarify the anatomical factors involved in fruit size. Fruit weights varied widely with cultivar, ranging from very small wild type peaches of 20 to 80 g to commercial peaches of 60 to 300 g. There were wide variations in cell numbers among cultivars and selections ; wild type peaches were characterized by the small cell numbers of the mesocarp. Hybrids between commercial and wild type peaches showed intermediate fruit sizes and mesocarp cell numbers of their parents. These results revealed that the correlation coefficients between cell number and fruit weight of commercial cultivars and selections were highly significant, r=0.812 in 1993, 0.805 in 1994, and 0.728 in 1995, whereas that for ail cultivars and selections combined were also highly significant. However, correlation coefficients between cell length and fruit weight were not significant in commercial cultivars and selections, r=0.264 in 1994 and 0.319 in 1995, whereas those for all cultivars and selections combined were r=0.564 in 1994 and 0.679 in 1995. The yearly correlation coefficients between cell number, and cell length versus fruit weight were r=0.886, 0.919, and 0.543 in the commercial peaches and 0.925, 0.888, and 0.672, in all cultivars and selections combined, respectively. These results revealed that the number of mesocarp cells determines the size of fruit and is relatively stable, whereas, the length of mesocarp cells is not closely related to the weight of peaches as it fluctuates greatly.

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