Toxemia of pregnancy certainly remains a major determinant for the prognosis of the mother and child, even though it has recently tended to be markedly less common both with the spread of maternal and infantile hygiene and with innovated management of pregnant and nursing mothers. Studies were made of toxemia of pregnancy as an important component of the problems involved in the management of such women with respect to its diagnosis and treatment, the prognosis in the mother and child, and the associated variation in pertinent laboratory indices, particularly estriol and HPL levels. The results obtained are as follow:<br>1) Of a total of 145 cases of toxemia of pregnancy encountered recently, 17 had a severe form (11 pure type, 6 mixed type), 5 specific varieties (1 eclampsia, 1 pulmonary edema, 2 premature separation of the normally implanted placenta, 1 cerebral hemorrhage), and 20 sequela or sequelae.<br>2) Approximately one-half of the severe cases were admitted as emergency patients, suggesting inadequate management of pregnant women.<br>3) Sequela or sequelae were present in 4.9% of mild cases, 58.8% of severe cases, and 80% of cases of specific varieties. These figures indicate the importance of postpartum management.<br>4) Management of the infant at the Newborn Center was necessary in 15 cases: 7 mild and 8 severe or specific cases. Findings of note in these cases include an infant with low birth weight, SFD, hypoglycemia and hypocalcemia.<br>5) As regards the prognosis in the mother and child, there was no case of maternal death whereas 6 infants died, often due to unknown causes, the perinatal mortality being as high as 41.4%.<br>6) A detailed follow-up study was made of the course in 5 cases of specific types of toxemia of pregnancy. Of these cases, those of pulmonary edema and cerebral hemorrhage seemed to be full of suggestions clinically.<br>7) Determinations were made continuously of the urinary level of estriol in order to have an objective grip on fetoplacental function in toxemia of pregnancy. In the severe form of the disease, the estriol level was almost invariably 15mg/dl or below, tending to decline gradually, while it was correlated to a significant extent with SFD. Results of interest were also obtained with respect to HPL level, which is now under further estimation in a larger series of cases. In short, it must be stressed that a more thorough management of pregnant women is necessary along with pertinent data on and appropriate countermeasures against toxemia of pregnancy in individual cases