Genotyping Analysis of Bitter-Taste Receptor Genes TAS2R38 and TAS2R46 in Japanese Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers

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  • YAMAKI Michiko
    Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustries, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
  • SAITO Hiroki
    Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustries, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
  • ISONO Kunio
    Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustries, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
  • GOTO Tomoko
    Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustries, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
  • SHIRAKAWA Hitoshi
    Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustries, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University
  • SHOJI Noriaki
    Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Division of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
  • SATOH-KURIWADA Shizuko
    Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Division of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
  • SASANO Takashi
    Department of Oral Medicine and Surgery, Division of Oral Diagnosis, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry
  • OKADA Ryo
    Department of Organ Regulatory Surgery, Division of Surgery, Fukushima Medical University Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
  • KUDOH Katsuyoshi
    Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
  • MOTOI Fuyuhiko
    Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
  • UNNO Michiaki
    Department of Surgery, Division of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
  • KOMAI Michio
    Department of Science of Food Function and Health, Division of Bioscience and Biotechnology for Future Bioindustries, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University

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タイトル別名
  • Genotyping Analysis of Bitter-Taste Receptor Genes <i>TAS2R38</i> and <i>TAS2R46</i> in Japanese Patients with Gastrointestinal Cancers

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Type-2 bitter-taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are important for the evaluation of food quality and the nutritional control in animals. Mutations in some TAS2Rs including TAS2R38 are known to increase susceptibility to various diseases. However, the involvement of TAS2Rs in cancers has not been well understood. We conducted a pilot study by genotyping two TAS2R genes, TAS2R38 and TAS2R46, in Japanese cancer patients diagnosed with the following types of cancer: biliary tract cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer and gastric cancer. We selected the two TAS2Rs because they carry virtually non-functional alleles in human populations. We found that cancer risk is not associated with any TAS2R46 genotypes since there were no significant differences in genotype frequencies between cancer patients and controls. On the other hand, we confirmed that phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) non-tasters homozygous (AVI/AVI) for TAS2R38 were more frequent among Japanese cancer patients than those among controls as suggested in a previous study. The AVI/AVI genotype was therefore considered to increases cancer risk. In contrast, we also found that homozygous (PAV/PAV) PTC tasters are less frequent among cancer patients, suggesting that the PAV/PAV is a cancer resistant genotype that decreases cancer risk. Genotype frequencies for heterozygous AVI/PAV genotype were not significantly different between the two groups. It is suggested that the risk and resistance of cancers is antagonistically controlled by the two TAS2R38 alleles, PAV and AVI, rather than by the AVI allele alone.

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