Detection of Human Herpesviruses (HHVs) in Semen of Human Male Infertile Patients

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  • CHEN Mo
    Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
  • CAI Li-Yi
    Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 214023, China
  • KANNO Naoko
    Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
  • KATO Takako
    Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Property, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
  • LU Jinxing
    Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu 215006, China
  • JIN Fan
    Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, Ministry of Education, and Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310006, China
  • WANG Honghua
    Department of Reproductive Medicine, The Affiliated Wuxi Hospital for Maternal and Child Health Care of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 214023, China
  • SEKITA Masayo
    Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
  • HIGUCHI Masashi
    Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan Organization for the Strategic Coordination of Research and Intellectual Property, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
  • YOSHIDA Saishu
    Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
  • YAKO Hideji
    Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
  • UEHARU Hiroki
    Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan
  • IZUMI Shun-Ichiro
    Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
  • KATO Yukio
    Division of Life Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan Institute of Reproduction and Endocrinology, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Gene Regulation, Department of Life Science, Meiji University, Kanagawa 214-8571, Japan

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Recently we demonstrated an ectopic expression of the human herpesvirus 1 thymidine kinase (HHV1-TK) gene by functioning of an intrinsic endogenous promoter in the transgenic rat (TG-rat), suggesting that HHV1 infection in humans induces expression of the TK gene with the ectopic promoter in the testis and results in accumulation of HHV1-TK protein, triggering male infertility similar to that in the TG-rat. Hence, in this study, we started to investigate a relationship between infection of herpesvirus and human male infertility. Semen was donated by Chinese male infertile patients (153 men, aged 21–49 years) with informed consent, followed by DNA preparation and analysis by PCR and DNA sequencing. Semen volume, sperm number and density, and sperm motility were examined. DNAs of HHV1, HHV4, HHV5 and HHV6 were confirmed by PCR, electrophoresis and DNA sequencing. Finally, virus DNA was identified in 59 patients (39%). The number of carriers was 39 (25%) for HHV1, 6 (4%) for HHV4, 33 (22%) for HHV5 and 3 (2%) for HHV6, respectively. Moreover, double-infection was found in 22 out of 59 specimens (37%), most of which were double-infection of HHV1 and HHV5 (15 out of 22 carriers). Though slight severity was present in some of the carriers, the relationship between virus infection and sperm impairment was not conclusive. Accordingly, it is essential to examine whether the viral HHV1-TK gene is expressed in the testis of the infertile human HHV carrier.

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