Interrelationships Between Apoptosis and Fertility in Bull Sperm

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  • DOGAN Sule
    Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
  • MASON Melissa C.
    Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA Alcorn State University, Lorman, MS 39096, USA
  • GOVINDARAJU Aruna
    Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
  • BELSER Lauren
    Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
  • KAYA Abdullah
    Alta Genetics, Incorporated, Watertown, WI 53094, USA
  • STOKES John
    Department of Basic Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
  • ROWE Dennis
    Mississippi Agricultural and Forestry Experiment Station, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
  • MEMILI Erdogan
    Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA

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Male fertility, the ability of sperm to fertilize and activate the egg and support early embryogenesis, is vital for mammalian reproduction. Despite producing adequate numbers of sperm with normal motility and morphology, some males suffer from low fertility whose molecular mechanisms are not known. The objective was to determine apoptosis in sperm from high and low fertility bulls and its relationship with male fertility. DNA damage, phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation, and expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins (BAX and BCL-2) in the sperm were determined using TUNEL, Annexin V, and immunoblotting approaches, respectively. Amounts of apoptotic spermatozoa were 2.86 (± 1.31) and 3.00 (± 0.96) in high and low fertility bulls, respectively (P=0.548), and were not correlated with fertility. There was a negative correlation between early necrotic spermatozoa and viable spermatozoa (r = –0.99, P<0.0001). Fertility scores were correlated with live spermatozoa detected by eosin-nigrosin test and necrotic spermatozoa determined via flow cytometry (r = –0.49, P<0.006 and r = –0.266, P<0.0113, respectively). BAX level was higher in low fertile group than high fertile group; however, this difference was not statistically significant due to the variations of bull samples (Bull 1–3 vs. Bull 4–5) in low fertile group (P<0.283). BCL-2 was not detectable in any of the sperm samples. The results shed light onto molecular and cellular underpinnings of male fertility.

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