Sensitive Stages to Heat Stress in Pod Setting of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).

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  • NAKANO Hiroshi
    <I>Biological Resources Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS) </I>
  • KOBAYASHI Makoto
    <I>Department of Plant Breeding, National Grassland Research Institute</I>
  • TERAUCHI Takayoshi
    <I>Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, Okinawa Subtropical Station</I>

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Other Title
  • インゲンマメ (<I>Phaseolus vulgaris</I> L.) の着莢における熱ストレス感受性期
  • Sensitive Stages to Heat Stress in Pod

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Heat-sensitive stages in pod setting of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were investigated using heat-tolerant varieties (Haibushi and Ishigaki 2) and a heat-sensitive variety (Kentucky Wonder) in a phytotron with controlled air tem-perature. After subjecting the plants to heat treatment (daily mean air temperature around 33°C) for one day or five days, pod setting ratio of opened flowers was examined. Four sensitive stages were identified in the flower buds of heat-tolerant varieties, Haibushi and Ishigaki 2. Flowers which had already opened and immature pods were not heat-sensitive. One of the four sensitive stages corresponded to 1 day to 2 days before anthesis in the three varieties. Other two sensitive stages corre-sponded to the period of around 9 days before anthesis and the period of around 12 days before anthesis. The period of around 11 days was less sensitive in heat-tolerant varieties. However, in Kentucky Wonder, flower buds were heat-sensitive also during this period. The last sensitive period corresponded to 15 to 25 days before anthesis in the three varieties. When very young flower buds in the stage were exposed to high night temperature for five days, they developed malformed flowers and flower shedding occurred. Heat treatment (e.g. day/night: 34.2°C/33.0°C) applied for one day (24 hours) to flower buds expected to open the next morning reduced drastically the pod setting ratio. To identify more precisely the heat-sensitive stages, an experiment consisting of heat treatment for eight hours (32.5°C from 4: 00 p.m. to 0: 00 a.m. or from 0: 00 a.m. to 8: 00 a.m.) was carried out. However, the treatment did not suppress pod setting, suggesting that high temperature (32.5°C) at the time of pollination, germination of pollen grains and fertilization did not affect directly the processes but that heat stress for a duration longer than 8 hours exerted cumulative injurious effects on reproductive organs.

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