糖尿病のアミノ酸代謝

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  • 越村 修
    所沢市市民医療センター診療部内科

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タイトル別名
  • Amino acid metabolism in diabetes mellitus
  • トウニョウビョウ ノ アミノサン タイシャ

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Diabetic patients were divided into three groups: those without vascular complications, those with vascular complications, and those with diabetic ketoacidosis. Blood sugar and seventeen serum free amino acids were determined. After these amino acids (AA) were classified into eight groups, that is, acidic (AAA), neutral (NAA), basic (BAA), branched chain (BCAA), essential (EAA), nonessential (NEAA), ketogenic (KAA) and glycogenic amino acids (GAA), each group was compared with the values obtained in normal controls.<BR>On the other hand, alloxan diabetic rabbits were divided into five groups, which had ingested for nine months high-fat (F), lanoline (L), high-carbohydrate (C), high-protein (P), and ordinary diets (N). Then, seventeen serum free amino acids were determined and compared with the concentrations obtained in group N.<BR>In clinical study, BCAA (valine, isoleucine and leucine) and KAA (isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine and phenylalanine) were significantly higher in diabetic patients before control than in normal controls (P<0.01or P< 0.05). Although NAA, BCAA, EAA and KAA showed decreasing tendency, AAA, BAA, NEAA and GAA, especially lysine, histidine, glutamic acid and alanine disclosed still increasing tendency after control.Each level of AAA, BAA, BCAA, EAA, NEAA, KAA.and GAA were significantly higher in diabetics with vascular complications than in normal controls (P<0.01).<BR>BCAA and KAA showed significantly higher levels of 46.7% and 54.6% respectively in diabetics with ketoacidosis than in normal controls (P<0.01).On the contrary, GAA revealed significantly lower levels of 42.1%(P<0.01), and most of GAA: arginine, aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine and cystine showed significantly lower levels in diabetics with ketoacidosis than in normal controls (P<0.01or P<0.05).<BR>In animal study, BCAA and KAA always showed significantly higher levels in group L than in group N (P<0.01or P<0.05), while GAA, especially alanine regularly revealed significantly lower levels in group L than in group N (P<0.05).Among groups F, C, and N, the values of BCAA and KAA always disclosed the highest tendency in group F and the lowest in group N, but the values of GAA and alanine showed the highest tendency in group N and the lowest in group F.In group P, NEAA and GAA, especially alanine slightly increased, while other six amino acid groups revealed little changes.<BR>It is suggested that there is a very close relationship between abnormal values of serum free amino acids and the existence of various pathological states of diabetes mellitus and/or vascular complications.

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