Mechanisms of Action, Efficacy and Side Effects of Nivolumab and Its Therapeutic Use at Itabashi Hospital, Nihon University School of Medicine

DOI Web Site Web Site 12 References Open Access
  • Izaki Satoshi
    Division of Dermatological Science, Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine
  • Hayama Koremasa
    Division of Dermatological Science, Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine
  • Terui Tadashi
    Division of Dermatological Science, Department of Dermatology, Nihon University School of Medicine

Bibliographic Information

Other Title
  • ニボルマブの作用機序，効果，副作用と日本大学医学部附属板橋病院皮膚科での使用経
  • ニボルマブの作用機序,効果,副作用と日本大学医学部附属板橋病院皮膚科での使用経験
  • ニボルマブ ノ サヨウ キジョ,コウカ,フクサヨウ ト ニホン ダイガク イガクブ フゾク イタバシ ビョウイン ヒフカ デ ノ シヨウ ケイケン

Search this article

Description

Malignant melanomas easily metastasize and are often resistant to conventional classical therapies, i.e., surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, in patients with advanced/metastatic malignant melanoma. In recent years, rapid advances have been made in the immunotherapy of malignant melanoma. New medicines, which have been approved by Federal Drug Administration (FDA), have dramatically improved the clinical outcomes for patients with advanced/metastatic melanoma. Nivolumab is an immune checkpoint inhibitor that targets programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) receptors. PD-1 is expressed on many immune cells, including T cells, B cells and natural killer cells. Engagement of PD-1 with its ligands (PD-L1 and PD-L2) induces functional exhaustion of the cytotoxic immune response. Nivolumab inhibits the PD-1 pathway, and thus activates the cytotoxic immune response. Although the immune checkpoint inhibitor tends to take a few months until it exhibits efficacy, once established, the efficacy often lasts for a long time. However, immune checkpoint inhibitors can have many adverse effects, including autoimmune-related inflammation. In particular, relevant severe adverse effects include interstitial pneumonia, colitis, liver dysfunction, thyroid disorders, and infusion reaction. Other affected organs include the skin, eyes, kidneys and nerves. Furthermore, several cases of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus have been reported in 2015 and 2016. Because we cannot predict what kinds of adverse effects will occur or when they will occur, we must observe patients carefully in order to detect any adverse events early on, and initiate appropriate treatments. The development of a number of new therapies will provide benefits for patients with malignant melanoma. Dermatologists must use these new drugs appropriately after determining the correct diagnostic information and providing supporting evidence.

Journal

References(12)*help

See more

Keywords

Details 詳細情報について

Report a problem

Back to top