Notes on the Nematode Species and their Bionomics Associated with Tea Roots in Japan

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  • 茶に寄生する線虫の種類と2, 3の生態的知見
  • チャ ニ キセイ スル センチュウ ノ シュルイ ト 2 , 3 ノ セイタイテキ チケン

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This paper consists of two parts, one the identification of nematode species associated with tea roots collected at 15 localities which involve the principle tea growing areas in Japan, and the other the observations and tests on the nematode bionomics carried out at Makinohara Tea Plantation, Shizuoka, one of the biggest tea growing areas in Japan.<br>1. The following are thought to be the major nematode species attacking tea roots in Japan. <br>Helicotylenchus dihystera Helicotylenchus erythrinae Hemicriconemoides kanayaensis Meloidogyne incognita var. acrita Paratylenchus curvitatus Pratylenchus loosi Tylenchorhynchus nudus<br>2. The nematode populations in the soil were studied. Most of Hemicriconemoides and Paratylenchus are found relatively deep (around 30cm depth), whereas most of Pratylenchus and Helicotylenchus in the relatively upper layer of soil (around 10cm depth). Population densities of most nematodes are usually higher at west side of row than at east side of row; each row of tea plants being commonly set up from north to south.<br>3. Hemicriconemoides around tea root was observed and recorded in drawings.<br>4. The seasonal fluctuation of Hemicriconemoides population was examined. Throughout a year, adult females occupy most portion of Hemicriconemoides population and very few males are found, as far as the Baermann funnel technique is applied. The ratio of larvae to adults comes upon the maximum in July. Single female contains usually 14∼15 eggs and egg cells. Oviposition by single female lasts for 15∼20 days in June and July according to the observations in laboratory.<br>5. The nematode population was studied at the tea garden where the double amount of the nitrogenous fertilizer was applied. It seems that the population of Hemicriconemoides is reduced owing to the excessive amount of the fertilizer, while the reverse is the case with Pratylenchus.<br>6. A species of soil fungus was commonly found to attack adult Hemicriconemoides.

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