北部九州におけるスクミリンゴガイの越冬

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  • Overwintering of the apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata LAMARCK, in north Kyushu.
  • ホクブ キュウシュウ ニ オケル スクミリンゴガイ ノ エットウ

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The apple snail, Pomacea canaliculata LAMARCK, was introduced into Japan in order to rear it for food. Since 1984, however, the snail become harmful to young lowland crops in the Kyushu district, in southwestern Japan. When irrigation water is removed from the paddy fields in autumn, the snails burrow into the ground at a depth corresponding to the height of their shells. In late December, 3 months after the removal of irrigation water, the survival rate of the snails buried underground was 80% or more, whereas that of the snails under dead grasses was about 40%. This difference was probably due to the difference in the degree of exposure to low temperature. The mortality of the overwintering snails gradually increased from mid-winter (January) to late winter (March). Snails kept in storage incubators at 0, -3, and -6°C died within 25, 3, and 1 day, respectively. These results suggest that in the temperate zone, the survival of overwintering snails is strongly affected by low temperatures below 0°C. Based on the field investigations made on April 19, the survival rate of the snails was about 20% in a nonirrigated paddy field but only 5% in a dry irrigation canal. Young snails with a shell height of 2-3cm seemed to have a greater tolerance to low temperatures compared with the mature ones with a size larger than 3cm. After transplanting of rice, overwintered snails gradually appeared on the surface of the field for a period of 1 month. In the field where rice and wheat are cultivated in succession, 4.1-6.8% of the snails which had been detected in the autumn were observed 17-28 days after transplanting of rice in mid-June.

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