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  • Factors Influencing the Seasonal Incidence and Breaking of Diapause in <i>Carposina niponensis</i> WALSHINGHAM
  • モモシンクイガ ノ キュウミン ト カンキョウ ジョウケン エイブン

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Diapause in Carposina niponensis occurs at the end of the larval stage, and the diapause larva spins the characteristic winter cocoon. In the field, few larvae enter diapause in July, but a number of diapausing larvae begin to appear from the beginning of August, and thereafter the percentage diapause increases regularly towards the end of that month, when almost all larvae enter diapause on maturity. The transition in the growth pattern of the larvae from non-diapause to diapause thus occurs at about the middle of August.<br>In the laboratory, the onset of diapause was readily controlled by light hours per day artificially applied during the larval feeding stage. Namely, at 21°C the larvae averted diapause only within a narrow range of photoperiod lasting from 15 to 18 hours per day, and the incidence of diapause was increased by either a longer or a shorter photoperiod. In darkness the occurrence of diapause was suppressed to a certain extent by a temperature as high as 30 or 33°C, while diapause was prevalent at a temperature of 25°C, or lower. The larvae were sensitive to both day-length and temperature during the entire feeding stage, and there could be recognized no particular instar critical for the induction of diapause.<br>When diapausing larvae were constantly kept at a temperature of 20°C, or higher, most of them could not emerge from their winter cocoons and failed to pupate for a long period. Previous exposure to a low temperature between 5 and 15°C promoted the emergence from winter cocoons and the subsequent metamorphosis. The diapausing larvae required about two months at these temperatures to terminate diapause, but a temperature close to the freezing point was found to be detrimental for the larvae.<br>From these results of field and laboratory tests, it is concluded that the length of day might be the principal factor governing the onset of diapause in the field.<br>Possible occurrence of local differentiations in the diapause behaviour of Carposina niponensis is discussed to a certain extent in view of the available information on the phenology of this orchard pest in various localities.

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