シロイモチジマダラメイガの発育に及ぼす温湿度の影響

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  • Effect of Temperature and Moisture on the Development of the Lima Bean Pod Borer, <i>Etiella zinckenella</i> TREITSCHKE
  • シロイチモジマダラメイガ ノ ハツイク ニ オヨボス オン シツド ノ エイキョウ

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In the previous paper, the seasonal trend of the occurrence of E. zinckenella and the crop damage caused by the insect in the Kantô district was reported. In the present paper, the author wishes to discuss the relation between temperature or moisture and development of the species. The oviposited eggs were collected every morning and were bred in petri dishes solitarily, under the constant temperatures of 20°, 25° and 30°C. The larvae were supplied with soy bean pods. Observations were made on the developmental velocities of all stages, the longevities of the adult moths, and also on the effect of moisture on the pupation.<br>The developmental zero point was found to be 13.9°C for egg stage, and 14.9°C and 15.1°C for larval stage with female and male respectively, and 15°C and 14.6°C for pupal stage with female and male respectively. The sum of effective temperature was calculated as 67.9, 168.1, 166.5, 135.7 and 147.1 day degrees respectively. Comparing the above data with those of other Lepidopterous insects, it was found that this species belongs to the group characterized by having higher developmental zero point but having lower sum of the effective temperature in 1 generation. This fact is considered to account for that the species is of tropical insect and of multivoltine type.<br>Estimation made by applying the law of sum of effective temperature, indicates that this insect should repeat about three generations in a year in Kantô district and about four generations in Shikoku and Tôkai-kinki districts. These computed data coincide fairly well with actual data of the observations.<br>The larvae which were bred under the short day illumination and low temperature hardly pupated and remained as larvae for a long time. But these larvae were able to pupate when sufficient temperature and humidity were given.<br>The longevities of the reared moths were about 13 days at varying temperatures with average was 25°C. In this case no significant difference was found between male and female, but when water and food were not supplied, the longevity of the moth became as 9.5 days at 25°C and 5.7 days at 30°C, the female moth showing more or less longer duration than the male moth.

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