Studies on the Electrical Resistivity of Pure Metals in the Molten State

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  • Takeuchi Sakae
    The Research Institute for Iron, Steel and Other Metals, Tohoku University
  • Endo Hirohisa
    The Research Institute for Iron, Steel and Other Metals, Tohoku University

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  • 純金属の熔融状態における電気抵抗に関する研究
  • ジュンキンゾク ノ ヨウユウジョウタイ ニ オケル デンキ テイコウ ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

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Abstract

Experimental and theoretical studies on the electrical resistivities of the molten pure metals, Ag, Cd, Zn, In, Sn, Pb, Sb and Bi were carried out by means of Roll and Motz’s electrodeless method. The observed resistivity of these molten metals showed the following distinctive features. The temperature coefficients of the resistivity for the divalent metals, Zn and Cd, are zero or slightly negative near the melting point, and approach normal positive values in higher temperature ranges. Except for these divalent metals, the resistivity of the pure metals in the molten state are nearly in a linear relation to the temperature; the temperature coefficients are somewhat larger than those in the solid state at high temperatures for alkali metals, but generally smaller than those for solids of other metals. From the studies on the Hall effects and the magnetic susceptibilities for the molten metals and alloys reported previously, it can be assumed that the ions are arranged randomly in an atmosphere of a degenerated free electron gas of valence electrons and that the fluctuation in the density distribution is brought about by the thermal motion of the ions. The electrical resistivity ρ for the molten metal is given by the sum of the following two terms, ρ0 and ρT: ρ0 is the resistivity due to the random arrangement of ions corresponding to the uniform density distribution and is nearly independent of temperature. ρT is that due to the density fluctuation and is proportional to κT, where κ is the compressibility of the molten metal. It was shown that the calculated and the observed resistivities were in good agreement and the larger temperature coefficients of resistivity for alkali metals result from their larger compressibility than that of other metals. The abnormality for the divalent metals cannot be accounted for because of lack of observations on their compressibilities.

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