Experimental Studies on the Mechanism of Electrification of Graupel Pellets

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  • 霰の帯電機構の実験的研究

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Measurements of electric charge on a riming probe (an ice-coated metal rod) were made during the collision of supercooled droplets and ice particles with the probe under various condition in a cold chamber. It was found that the most important factors in the electrification of the probe were temperature, temperature difference between the probe and ice particles, and rate of riming.<br>As the mechanism of the electrification, the following points were considered.<br>1. When the riming rate is high under favourable conditions, tearing off of fine structures of rime from the probe's surface is significant.<br>2. When temperature is relatively warm, e.g., warmer than about -10°C, tearing off of liquid-like film from the riming surface is effective.<br>In the light of these mechanisms, local positive space charge in the lower part of thunderclouds and field pattern of wave type were explained.

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