Sensitivity of a Simulated Water Cycle to a Runoff Process with Atmospheric Feedback

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  • 大気のフィードバックを考慮した陸面水循環の流出過程に対する感度実験
  • Sensitivity of a Simulated Water Cycle

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Abstract

The significance of runoff processes in the atmosphere-land water cycle is investigated using an atmospheric general circulation model with simplified boundary conditions. Two runoff schemes representing two distinct runoff mechanisms, the subsurface drainage runoff and the surface saturation runoff, are incorporated separately in the model, and the simulated results are compared.<br>The sensitivity of the water cycle to the runoff scheme is significant in the regions of large runoff, namely the tropics, the rainy-season subtropics, and high latitudes with large snowmelt. The surface runoff scheme produces less runoff than the drainage runoff scheme when the ground is sufficiently wet and the precipitation (or snowmelt) is relatively small, and, conversely, more runoff when the ground is dry and the precipitation is large. This difference in runoff causes a systematic difference in ground wetness during the wet seasons. After that, this difference in ground wetness gradually decays due to the modification of evaporation and runoff. When the atmospheric feedback processes are neglected, the time scale of decay is estimated to be less than one month. With the atmospheric feedback, however, this time scale is significantly elongated and the difference in ground wetness persists for a few months. This modification is considered to be principally due to a strong feedback between evaporation and precipitation.

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