Precise determination of geoid height and free-air gravity anomaly at Syowa Station, Antarctica

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  • Shibuya Kazuo
    Center for Antarctic Environment Monitoring, National Institute of Polar Research
  • Doi Koichiro
    Center for Antarctic Environment Monitoring, National Institute of Polar Research
  • Aoki Shigeru
    Center for Antarctic Environment Monitoring, National Institute of Polar Research

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From the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 1994 (ITRF94) coordinates of the Doppler Orbitography Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellites (DORIS) beacon marker at Syowa Station (69.0°S, 39.6°E), Antarctica, we derived the ellipsoidal height of the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) Global Positioning System (GPS) point as 42.240 m on the World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) associated ellipsoid of a tide free Earth at the epoch of 1993.0. Because the SCAR GPS reference mark was 21.165 m above the local mean sea level at the epoch of 1993.0, and because the sea surface topography is estimated as -1.29 m, the ground data of geoid height can be estimated as 22.37 m on the WGS84 ellipsoid. As for error estimate of the above value, 20-30 cm formal error can be assigned including 3 cm error from the DORIS determination, 1 cm error from the local geodetic tie, and the dominant 20-30 cm error from uncertain modeling of sea surface topography, etc. The EGM96 geoid model gives the synthetic geoid height of 22.10 m at Syowa Station; the discrepancy of 27 cm from the observed value is within the 36 cm cumulative (to the degree 360) rms (root-mean-square) error of the model. We retried similar determination at Breid Bay (70.2°S, 23.8°E) and made a tie to the inland outcropped Seal Rock; the obtained value of 21.4 m has an overall error of 1.8 m. These ground data can be used as test data for generating higherorder (n, m > 360) geopotential models. With the establishment of the International Absolute Gravity Basestation Network (IAGBN) standard value at Syowa Station and gravimetric connection to the Seal Rock, ground data of free-air gravity anomalies of 0.05 mgal accuracy at Syowa Station and 1 mgal accuracy at Seal Rock were obtained. These gravity ground data will also serve as test data for adjusting the satellite- and/or shipborne-derived gravity anomaly maps in the region concerned.

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