SiO2 polymorphs and structure transitions.

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  • KIHARA Kuniaki
    Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kanazawa University

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  • ＳｉＯ２多形と構造転移
  • SiO2 タケイ ト コウゾウ テンイ

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Abstract

Except for a high pressure polymorph,silicas crystallize with the frameworks of corner-linked SiO4 tetrahedra. Electrostatic valence at an atomic site is fully compensated by its neighbor atoms with opposite charges, and therefore, no foreign cation can enter into the frameworks. This is probably the cause of negligible long-range interactions in the silica structures. Many topologically different linkages are possible in the absence of the long-range interactions. As the result, we have silicas in more than 20 different phases. We review the recent structural problems in the low-pressure polymorphs of silicas, ie. quartz, tridymite and cristobalite. Silica clathrates are also introduced, stressing their potential importance in material sciences.

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