Grouping and identification of manganese dioxide minerals by reflectance and microhardness.

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  • 二酸化マンガン鉱物の反射率と微小硬度による分類および同定
  • 2サンカ マンガン コウブツ ノ ハンシャリツ ト ビショウ コウド ニ ヨル ブンルイ オヨビ ドウテイ

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Abstract

The identification of manganese dioxide minerals in continental manganese deposits and in marine environment is fraught with difficulties, because they are often very fine-grained, poorly crystalline, and intimately intergrown with other minerals. Although various high techniques are recently used for it, we tried to reconsider the information obtained under microscope as the most basic and important technique for the identification and characterization of opaque minerals.<br>We searched specially the information of reflectance (R) and microhardness (VHN) of natural manganese dioxide minerals from a lot of references and classified the minerals to four (I to IV) groups based on the similarity of R and VHN in consideration of our measurement result. The magnitude of the R and VHN is I>II>III>IV groups. The minerals belong to each group are as follows: I group, pyrolusite and nsutite; II group, cryptomelane-hollandite-coronadite-manjiroite, romanechite, woodruffite, and ramsdellite; III group, chalcophanite-aurorite, birnessite, lithiophorite, todorokite, asbolane, and janggunite; IV group, vernadite, rancieite-takanelite, akhtenskite, and buserite. We conclude that the identification of the manganese dioxide minerals is probably done by observing polished sections using polarizing reflected-light microscope, considering above relationship and other optical and mineralogical properties.

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