The diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy

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  • TAKATO Tsuyoshi
    Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Tokyo Hospital
  • SAIJO Hideto
    Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Dentistry and Orthodontics, University of Tokyo Hospital

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  • 頸部リンパ節の腫脹をきたす疾患の鑑別診断（口腔外科から）
  • ケイブ リンパセツ ノ シュチョウ オ キタス シッカン ノ カンベツ シンダン コウクウ ゲカ カラ

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Many differential diagnoses must be considered in the diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy. Lymph nodes, which are responsible for the production of lymphocytes, are crucial to the body's defense mechanism and are responsible for the immune response to bacteria, viruses, toxins, and other materials that invade the lymph vessels. They are also susceptible to metastasis of malignant tumors. Therefore, cervical lymphadenopathy may indicate a variety of disorders. In addition to interviews, visual inspection, and palpation, blood tests and diagnostic imaging such as X-ray, CT, MRI, and ultrasound are also essential. In cases where a diagnosis can not be made based on these tests, biopsy of the swollen lymph node must be performed. Cervical lymph node biopsy requires the utmost care in addition to the patient's informed consent. Many nerves and blood vessels are present in the neck region, and accidental injury to these nerves and blood vessels may result in serious sequelae, which in many cases incur medical malpractice lawsuits. Therefore, cervical lymph node biopsy should not be performed unassisted by inexperienced surgeons. Herein, we present the lymph node disorders and diagnostic methods that are important for differential diagnosis, and describe the points of caution regarding lymph node biopsy.

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