Soil Compaction Effects on Root Developments of Grasses and Some Soil Physical Properties

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  • 圧密条件下における土壌物理性の変化と草類根系の発達
  • アツミツ ジョウケンカ ニ オケル ドジョウ ブツリセイ ノ ヘンカ ト ソウ

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Soil physical properties of grazing land and meadow may vary due to differences in management and animal activity such as animal trampling. This may also affect the growth of the cultivated forage crops. To evaluate how soil physical properties and growth of African millet (Eleusine coracana, G_<AERTN>) is affected by soil compaction, three levels of compaction and four different soil textural classes were used for a frame experiment. Soil physical properties such as air permeability, three phases and hardness of soils and oxygen diffusion rate were measured. Total root length, tops and root weight and their mineral contents were determined. Similar parameters were also measured for grazing land and meadows. In the frame experiment, soil compaction increased the solid phase and hardness of soils, while air phase and permeability of soils in the upper 10 cm were decreased. Similarly, tops and root weight and total root length of African millet were decreased by soil compaction. Effects of soil compaction on the soil physical properties measured varied depending on the sand content. Regardless of level of compaction, the growth of African millet increased with increasing sand content. Significant differences were observed in the air permeability, soil phase and hardness of the upper 10 cm of grazing land and meadow, while no significant differences in their soil chemical properties were observed. Coefficient of air permeability of grazing land was observed to be lower than that of meadow. However, values for soil hardness and solid phase of grazing land were significantly lower than that of meadow. Forage fresh yields in grazing land were significantly lower than that of meadow. Coefficient of air permeability used as a index of soil air permeability was highly correlated with growth and total root length. Among the several soil physical properties considered, coefficient of air permeability was the best index to measure soil physical properties in relation to growth of African millet under soil compaction.

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