Effect of manure application and biochar amendment in an upland field on the N_2O and CO_2 fluxes from the soil surface and on soil carbon storage

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  • 畑地への堆肥施用とバイオ炭の併用がN_2OとCO_2の地表面フラックスおよび土壌炭素量に及ぼす影響
  • ハタチ エ ノ タイヒシヨウ ト バイオタン ノ ヘイヨウ ガ N ₂ O ト CO ₂ ノ チヒョウメン フラックス オヨビ ドジョウ タンソリョウ ニ オヨボス エイキョウ

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Abstract

We evaluated the effect of applying manure and biochar to crop land on soil-surface N_20 and CH_4 fluxes and on soil carbon storage. In an upland experimental field in Kameoka, Kyoto Prefecture, gas fluxes and soil carbon (0-10 cm) were measured for 345 days in 4-m×4-m plots with three soil amendment treatments: (1) 13.3 Mg ha^<-1> of manure with 1.20 Mg ha^<-1> of inorganic fertilizer (manure plot), (2) 57.1 Mg ha^<-1> bamboo charcoal (particle size <2.0 cm) with 13.3 Mg ha^<-1> of manure and 1.20 Mg ha^<-1> inorganic fertilizer (biochar + manure plot), and (3) no amendments (control plot). We found that: (1) Cumulative CO_2 emissions increased by 14.4 and 12.8 Mg CO_2ha^<-1> in the manure and biochar + manure plots, respectively, compared to the control plot, indicating that 29.5 and 6.1% of the incorporated carbon was decomposed in the respective plots. (2) Cumulative N_2O emissions from the control, manure, and biochar + manure plots were 1.58, 10.1, and 6.83 kg N ha^<-1>, respectively. The CO_2 equivalent (with respect to global warming potential) of the N_2O emissions from the manure and biochar + manure plots increased by 3.97 and 2.46 Mg CO_<2eq> ha^<-1>, respectively. (3) The large difference between measured soil carbon (0-10 cm) and hypothetical values calculated from the amounts of amendments or cumulative CO_2 emissions suggested that carbon storage in the soil should be quantified more precisely for the biochar + manure amendment. (4) No significant CH_4 flux was detected from any of the plots. This study demonstrated that biochar application is an efficient way of reducing greenhouse gases compared with the application of manure alone, because biochar appears to be more stable in soil than manure and may suppress N_2O emissions.

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