Inter and intraspecific variation assessed by wing geometric morphometrics : the Drosophila bipectinata species complex

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  • 翅の幾何学的形態測定学的手法に基づく種間および種内変異の査定 : フタクシショウジョウバエ種複合体を例として
  • ハネ ノ キカガクテキ ケイタイ ソクテイガクテキ シュホウ ニ モトズク シュカン オヨビ シュナイ ヘンイ ノ サテイ フタクシショウジョウバエシュ フクゴウタイ オ レイ ト シテ

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Abstract

A landmark-based geometric morphometrics approach was used to assess wing differences among four species of the Drosophila bipectinata species complex, and between populations of D. bipectinata and D. parabipectinata. Wing-shape variation was analyzed in 731 specimens collected from Bogor (Indonesia), Taipei (Taiwan), the Ryukyu Archipelago (Okinawa, Japan), and Kagoshima (Kyushu, Japan). Wing shape varied significantly among the four species of the complex sampled from Bogor, with a 73% overall correct classification rate. However, no clear delimitation of species was achieved. The phenetic relations determined by UPGMA based on the squared Mahalanobis distances were not in accordance with the phylogenetic relations derived from the combined nuclear DNA data. Comparison of D. bipectinata and D. parabipectinata specimens between Bogor and Taipei showed that geographic variation in wing shape was considerably higher than the interspecific variation. Additionally, highly differentiated wing shapes were observed between geographic populations of D. bipectinata. In light of these results, wing-shape variation within the D. bipectinata species complex and the usefulness of geometric morphometrics for investigating the systematics of this complex are discussed.

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