Communication to the Editor : In Vitro Synergism and Anti-biofilm Activity of Quercetin-Pivaloxymethyl Conjugate against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus Species

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  • Kim Mi Kyoung
    Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University
  • Lee Tae-Gum
    Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University
  • Jung Minji
    Department of Infectious Disease, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine
  • Park Ki-Ho
    Department of Infectious Disease, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine
  • Chong Youhoon
    Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University

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  • <i>In Vitro</i> Synergism and Anti-biofilm Activity of Quercetin–Pivaloxymethyl Conjugate against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Enterococcus</i> Species

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<p>Upon single treatment against Staphylococus aureus, quercetin–pivaloxymethyl conjugate (Q-POM) had antibacterial activities with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 16–32 mg/L. Q-POM showed MIC of 32 mg/L against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faceium (VRE), which is remarkably lower than other antibiotics investigated (≥256 mg/L). Under sub-MIC concentrations, Q-POM potentiated the activity of ampicillin, cefepime, and vancomycin against S. aureus and Enterococcus (including highly resistant strains such as hetero-resistant vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA), vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA), and VRE), by decreasing the MICs of these antibiotics by 4–128 folds. Q-POM was found to be partially synergistic with ampicillin and cefepime against S. aureus and Enterococcus, while it was strongly synergistic with vancomycin. Q-POM at 5 mg/L inhibited the formation of biofilms of S. aureus by 24–83% and VRE by 70%. Additionally, Q-POM inhibited the hemolytic activity of S. aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Cytotoxic activity was evaluated in human liver epithelial cells (HepG2), and the 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) value of Q-POM was higher than 50 mg/L. These results indicate the potential use of Q-POM in treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and VRE infections.</p>

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