<i>DSH5</i>, a dihydrosphingosine C4 hydroxylase gene family member, shows spatially restricted expression in rice and is lethal when expressed ectopically

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  • Imamura Tomohiro
    Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
  • Obata Chihiro
    Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
  • Yoneyama Kazuyoshi
    Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
  • Ichikawa Masatoshi
    Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
  • Ikura Akane
    Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
  • Mutsuro-Aoki Hiromi
    Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
  • Ishikawa Toshiki
    Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
  • Kawai-Yamada Maki
    Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University
  • Sasaki Tadamasa
    Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
  • Kusano Hiroaki
    Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science
  • Shimada Hiroaki
    Department of Biological Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science

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  • DSH5, a dihydrosphingosine C4 hydroxylase gene family member, shows spatially restricted expression in rice and is lethal when expressed ectopically

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Abstract

<p>Dihydrosphingosine C4 hydroxylase (DSH), a diiron-binding membrane enzyme, catalyzes the hydration of dihydrosphingosine and acyl-sphinganine to produce phytosphingosine and phytoceramide, respectively. Rice has two types of DSH homologs: general DSHs, namely DSH1, DSH2 and DSH4, and others that show spatial expression profiles, namely DSH3 and DSH5. The general DSHs exist in many plant species. These DSHs showed similarity in their functions and complemented the yeast sur2D mutation. In contrast, homologs of DSH3 and DSH5 were found only in monocot plants. Phylogenetic analysis placed these DSHs in different clades that are evolutionarily divergent from those of the general DSHs. DSH3 and DSH5 showed low-level expression. DSH5 expression was specifically in vascular bundle tissues. Ectopic expression of DSH5 induced a dwarf phenotype characterized by severe growth inhibition and an increase in the thickness of the leaf body caused by enlargement of bulliform cells in the leaves. However, no significant difference was observed in the amount of sphingolipid species. DSH5 did not complement the yeast sur2D mutation, implying that DSH5 has little effect on sphingolipid metabolism. These findings suggested that DSH3 and DSH5 originated and diverged in monocot plants.</p>

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