Contribution of ammonia emission from agriculture to the atmospheric nitrogen load in East Asia

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  • 東アジアにおける大気経由の窒素負荷への農業起源アンモニアの寄与の推定
  • ヒガシアジア ニ オケル タイキ ケイユ ノ チッソ フカ エ ノ ノウギョウ キゲン アンモニア ノ キヨ ノ スイテイ

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Abstract

<p>Yearly changes and spatial variation of ammonia emission from agricultural activities were evaluated for 13 countries of eastern Asia from 1981 to 2002 based on the data of each country and each province in China derived from FAO statistics, China statistical year book etc.. Ammonia emission from livestock excreta estimated from the production of stock farm products (several kinds of meat, egg and milk) and their feed efficiencies showed a tremendous increase during the study period especially in China. The total amount of emitted ammonia in 2002 was estimated as 4.0 × 106 t N y-1, which tended to be lower than the estimate based on the nitrogen excretion rate per animal. Ammonia emission from applied chemical fertilizer, which was estimated based on the consumption amount of several types of fertilizer and their ammonia emission rates, also increased rapidly in China and in some of the Southeast Asian countries. The total amount of ammonia emission from fertilizer is 4.8 × 106 t N y-1. There was a wide variation in ammonia emission rates per unit land area by country and by province: the eastern part of China generally had high emission rates from the both sources, the maximum rate was located in Singapore and Shanghai for livestock excreta and Jiangsu Province for fertilizer. Amount of ammoniacal nitrogen emitted to the atmosphere due to agriculture was estimated to be twice of the nitrogen emission as nitrogen oxides due to fossil fuel and biofuel combustion in the study area.</p>

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