RV X 102「ムドガラの競争の歌」再考

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  • Reconsideration of RV X 102 “Mudgala’s Chariot-Race Song”
  • RV Ⅹ 102 「 ムドガラ ノ キョウソウ ノ ウタ 」 サイコウ

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<p>Among the verses in the hymn that found a place as X 102 in the latest layer of the Rigveda, there is a narrative of a person named Mudgala who, along with a woman named Mudgalānī, wins a horse chariot race with a bull cart. The image depicted is that of the bull, towing a cart. This hymn contains materials for later literary references of the chariot driven by Mudgala.</p><p>There are several cases in which the actor or the subject of the action is not specifically shown in the constituent verses of this hymn; therefore, there are variations in the interpretation, which have not been highlighted in translations and articles until recently. The common point of these studies is the premise that the cart is two-headed (a bull on one side and a club on one side), from which an allegorical interpretation is advanced.</p><p>However, the one-bull cart remains well-known at that time, namely, the cart of Mudgala, who is regarded as a sort of a saint in the context of Atharvaveda XI 3,9. On the other hand, the name also means a kind of bean, namely, the mudgá (Vigna mungo) combined with the suffix -la.</p><p>In this paper, I assume that the cart on which Mudgala mounted was a one-bull cart and that the priest outside the hymn prays for a two-horse chariot in front of him. Based on this working hypothesis, I present a translation of the hymn with a focus on the structure of cattle carts and horse chariots.</p><p>Not all the verses of the hymn constitute one story or allegory such as the verses that hint at the restoration of reproductive ability. This hymn proves to be a form of prayer that includes vulgar and complex symbolisms (e.g., Mudgala is a symbol of two testicles [two wheels], whereas Mudgalānī symbolizes the scrotum, etc.) and is chanted by the priest, who is the narrator, for the client’s victory in the current chariot race.</p>

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