Factors Causing the Nutritional Status of Elderly People with Schizophrenia to Deteriorate

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  • TAKASE Rieko
    Graduate School of Nursing Cooperative Doctoral Course in Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College

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  • 統合失調症を患う高齢者の栄養状態低下の要因
  • トウゴウ シッチョウショウ オ ワズラウ コウレイシャ ノ エイヨウ ジョウタイ テイカ ノ ヨウイン

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Abstract

<p>Objective:　This study’s objective was to identify the factors causing the deterioration of the nutritional status of elderly people with schizophrenia hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital.　Method:　Sixty-six schizophrenia patients hospitalized in a psychiatric hospital, aged over 65 years and able to orally ingest three full meals a day, were selected for the study. The nutritional status of the participants was evaluated using the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI). The following factors that may influence the deterioration of nutritional status were examined: basic attributes; assessment of independence level in activities of daily living (ADL) (criteria established by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan); dysphagia function (current number of teeth, repetitive saliva swallowing test [RSST] frequency); ability to function socially using the Rehabilitation Evaluation Hall and Baker scale (Rehab); and cognitive function using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Association with the GNRI was analyzed using multivariate analysis, including both univariate analysis and stepwise regression analysis.　Results:　The items in which a significant association with the GNRI was observed in the univariate analysis were duration of the disorder, length of hospitalization, and self-care and social life skills, the last two of which were subcomponents of Rehab. There was no significant association with ADL, current number of teeth, RSST, MMSE. The items in which a significant association with the GNRI was observed in the stepwise regression analysis, where the GNRI was set as the independent variable, were length of hospitalization and social life skills. In order of strength of influence on the GNRI were length of hospitalization (β＝-0.40, p＝ .001) and social life skills (β＝-0.23, p＝ .045).　Conclusion:　Factors causing the nutritional status of elderly people suffering from schizophrenia to deteriorate were the protracted length of hospitalization and low social life skills. For the deteriorating nutritional status of elderly schizophrenia patients, not only is the supplementation of deficient energy and nutrients required but they must be provided with a space that helps to rejuvenate the way they spend their days, social life skills to independently enjoy their day-to-day lives, and a recovery of self-confidence.</p>

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