大学評価の意義と大学の未来

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  • The Systematic Evaluation and the Future of Higher Education
  • ダイガク ヒョウカ ノ イギ ト ダイガク ノ ミライ

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<p>　 Over the last decade, government initiatives have resulted in the establishment of agencies of higher education evaluation in the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and other European countries. Some state agencies have started new assessment methods for institutional performance in the United States. National systems of systematic evaluation for higher education have also been developed in European countries and America.</p><p>　 These new systems of evaluation share a number of similarities and differences. One common theme is “accountable autonomy”, government-initiatives that tie certain performance measures to funding appropriations. The methodology incorporates various combinations of three elements : self-assessment, peer evaluation (usually in the form of an institutional visit), and statistical or performance indicators. Among these elements, self-assessment and peer evaluationare believed to be important in enhancing scholarship and keeping academic modes of thinking in higher education. It is generally not believed that there is a necessary link between performance indicators and academic quality.</p><p>　 In Japan, a new form of higher education evaluation is emerging as a result of a governmental initiative. This system is expected to resemble “accountable autonomy,” and will include a combination of a self-assessment, peer review and some indicators.</p><p>　 This article describes higher education evaluation systems in Europe and America. It examines several aspects of the British evaluation system, various institutions’ own internal evaluation plans, academic audit processes, quality and research assessment, and the significance of self-evaluation and peer review. Finally, it discusses the potential effects of the new evaluation system on the future of Japanese higher education.</p><p>　 Because Japanese institutions of higher learning have had few experiences with self-evaluation and peer review, it is anticipated that the new evaluation system may produce some areas of conflict. Japanese universities must find a way to control the evaluation system if they are to enhance scholarship and extend public supports to the higher education community.</p>

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