The acute pulmonary toxicity in mice induced by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, particulate matter, and their combination

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  • Wang Fan
    School of Biological Science, Luoyang Normal University, No. 6 Jinqing Road, Yinbin District, Luoyang 471934, P.R. China Cold Water Fish Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Henan Province, No. 6 Jinqing Road, Yinbin District, Luoyang 471934, P.R. China
  • Wang Ruiling
    School of Biological Science, Luoyang Normal University, No. 6 Jinqing Road, Yinbin District, Luoyang 471934, P.R. China
  • Liu Haifang
    School of Energy and Environment Engineering, Zhongyuan University of Technology, No. 41 Zhongyuanzhong Road, Zhongyuan District, Zhengzhou 450007, P.R. China

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  • The acute pulmonary toxicity in mice induced by Staphylococcus aureus, particulate matter, and their combination

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Abstract

<p>Inhalation of pathogenic bacteria transported by particulate matter (PM) presents an important potential threat to human health. Therefore, the pulmonary toxicity in mice caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and PM as individual matter and mixtures was studied. PM and S. aureus were instilled intratracheally into Kunming mice at doses of 0.2 mg/mouse and 5.08 × 106 CFU /mouse, respectively, as individual matter and in combination two times at 5-day intervals. After the exposure period, oxidative stress markers and nitric oxide (NO) in the lung, cellular infiltration, neurotrophins, chemokines, and cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and immunoglobulin (Ig) in sera were examined. Exposure to the combination of PM and S. aureus caused significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and NO and significant decreases in total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and the ratio of reduced glutathione (GSH) to oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the lung. Meanwhile, the ratio of interleukin (IL)-4 to interferon (INF)-γ, the IL-4 level in BALF, and the IgE concentration in sera were significantly increased in the groups exposed to S. aureus or the combination of PM and S. aureus. Substance P and IL-8 in BALF were significantly increased in mice exposed to PM, S. aureus or their combination. In addition, PM, S. aureus, and their combination caused infiltration of leukocytes into the alveolar tissue spaces. The results suggested that exposure to the combination of PM and S. aureus induced a lung inflammatory response that was at least partly caused by oxidative stress and mediators from the activated eosinophils, neutrophils, alveolar macrophages, and epithelial cells.</p>

Journal

  • Experimental Animals

    Experimental Animals 68 (2), 159-168, 2019

    Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science

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