The Role of Near Response in Modern Society

DOI Open Access
  • Onozato Noriko
    Department of Ophthalmology, International University of Health and Welfare Hospital
  • Hara Naoto
    Department of Orthoptics and Visual Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare

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  • 現代社会における近見反応の役割

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Abstract

<p>　Recently, the time spent performing near-vision work has increased because of the use of personal computers and smart phones. Head-mounted displays support three-dimensional formats and the experience of virtual reality. These increase the“near responses,”which may cause eyestrain and abnormalities, such as smartphone-induced presbyopia and esotropia. Accommodative abnormalities, including accommodative spasms and insufficiency, are possibly caused by eyestrain due to over or under refractive correction. Effective methods to reduce eyestrain include refractive correction, hyperthermia, and resting the eyes. The prevalence of myopia has increased in Asia, and many studies have reported an association between accommodative lag and the pathogenesis and progression of myopia. Digital devices, such as smartphones, tend to be popular in modern societies, thus,“near responses”are overused. Here, we discuss the abnormalities in visual function of the ocular autonomic nervous system, such as pupil constriction and lens accommodation.</p>

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