移民と送金の就学への影響：南アフリカの事例から

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  • 中室 牧子
    Columbia University, Teachers College, Faculty of International and Trans-cultural Studies Program in Economics and Education

書誌事項

タイトル別名
  • The Effect of International Migration and Remittances on Educational Attainment: The Case of South Africa
  • イミン ト ソウキン ノ シュウガク エ ノ エイキョウ ミナミアフリカ ノ ジレイ カラ

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<p>A great number of literatures on the labor migration stressed out the negative development impact of educated emigrations in the home country, what is called “Brain-Drain,” but, recent literature shifted from Brain-Drain to “Brain-Gain” exploring the potential benefits of labor migration arising from remittances. In fact, remittances exceed the volume of Official Development Assistance and have been also recognized as a major source of external development finance in African countries.</p><p>If we subscribe to the endogenous growth theory, the expansionary effect of remittances will be greater if they are spent on human capital investments through education. However, there is no evidence of whether or not remittances improve educational attainment in the country. This study empirically examines the relationship among international migration, remittances, and educational attainment in South Africa where remittances received is one of the largest among African countries and many households have credit constraints of sending their children to school.</p><p>I use the panel data of the South Africa Labor Force Survey from 2002 to 2004 and estimate the effect of the years of schooling of children whose household receives remittances from migrant family members. Because it is highly possible that migrants self-select to migrate, I employ the fixed effects model (and corresponding random effects model) to control for potential endogeneity (so called selection bias).</p><p>The empirical results after controlling for endogeneity show that the key independent variable representing the status of whether a household receives remittances is positive and statistically significant, indicating that remittances mitigate the credit constraints of the household and allow children to attend schools.</p><p>Thus, in conclusion, there is evidence of significant and large impact of remittances on schooling outcomes in South Africa. Based on the result of this study, in order to increase the volume of remittances, I have recommended to a policy circle of South African Government reducing the transaction costs of remittances and improving attractiveness of receiving countries to senders.</p>

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